Yedoma Ledger - Revision history

Mvuijlst: See also: Nordland Itinerary

2026-09-22T11:06:56Z

Mvuijlst: Add section on the possible relation to the Kristiansen corpus; link the coding-system hub

2026-09-22T11:03:33Z

Add section on the possible relation to the Kristiansen corpus; link the coding-system hub

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 22 September 2026
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	== Interpretation ==		== Interpretation ==
	Published descriptions remain neutral and descriptive; no consensus interpretation (notation, decoration, or other function) has been advanced. Pending secure dating and replication studies, the Yedoma Ledger is cited as a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context rather than as evidence for a particular symbolic system.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />		Published descriptions remain neutral and descriptive; no consensus interpretation (notation, decoration, or other function) has been advanced. Pending secure dating and replication studies, the Yedoma Ledger is cited as a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context rather than as evidence for a particular symbolic system.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />

			== Possible relation to the Kristiansen corpus ==
			Since 2024 the Ledger has been discussed, so far only informally, as a candidate physical carrier for material in the [[Kristiansen coding system]]. The suggestion rests on three observations rather than on any direct comparison of signs.

			First, chronology. Schültke's preliminary report, which circulated in 2021, describes the incised face as a series of registers bounded by guide lines but publishes only one photograph and no tracing. [[Jan-Tage Kristiansen]]'s 2023 correspondence note and his longer working paper were based on drawings and a transcription received by anonymous email in the two years that followed, with no indication of the object drawn.<ref name="Kristiansen2023h">Jan-Tage Kristiansen, “Twin renderings, single template: a ruled signary on a putative cervid scapula,” correspondence note, ''language'' 27 (October 2023): 1073–1074.</ref>

			Second, geometry. The scapula inscription (KS-01) is a short abecedary and cannot be the Ledger, whose registers run the full 216 mm of the prepared face. Kristiansen's ''longer companion inscription'', however, was supplied as a transcription only: six lines, 146 tokens, medium unstated. At the roughly one-centimetre sign pitch reported for the scapula, a 216 mm register holds about twenty signs, which is in keeping with a six-line text averaging some twenty-four tokens a line. The stroke repertoire described by Schültke, straight and oblique cuts with chevrons and cross-hatching, is consistent with the Triangle, Barred-post and Comb families of the signary, though it is equally consistent with a great deal of Upper Palaeolithic ornament.

			Third, the absence of any other candidate. The Ledger is the only object publicly documented from a controlled recovery whose incisions are organised in ruled registers of the kind the Kristiansen corpus presupposes.

			None of this amounts to an identification. Schültke has not commented on the Kristiansen literature, and his report predates it. Kristiansen, asked whether the anonymous transcription could derive from the Ledger, replied that he had “no basis for saying so and no basis for denying it,” and that the question would be settled by a full-resolution tracing of the Ledger's registers, which the regional heritage authority has not released.<ref name="Kristiansen2023h" /> Until such a tracing exists the Ledger remains, in the words of its own preliminary report, a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context, and the Kristiansen corpus remains a set of drawings without an object.

	== Significance ==		== Significance ==
Line 31:		Line 42:
	== See also ==		== See also ==

			* [[Kristiansen coding system]]
			* [[Scapula Glyph Inscription]]
	* [[Yedoma]]		* [[Yedoma]]
	* [[Woolly mammoth]]		* [[Woolly mammoth]]

Mvuijlst: Yenoma -> Yedoma in name, lead and interpretation

2026-09-22T10:19:19Z

Yenoma -> Yedoma in name, lead and interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:19, 22 September 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\| name = ~~Yenoma~~ Ledger		\| name = Yedoma Ledger
	\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg		\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg
	\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers		\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers
Line 12:		Line 12:
	}}		}}

	The '''~~Yenoma~~ Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from [[permafrost]] in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. The object was discovered and handled in the field by a small team led by [[J. Levi Schültke]] during a rapid-impact survey of thaw gullies commissioned to document erosion threats to organic artefacts; Schültke’s group was engaged for its prior experience with cold-chain recovery and identification of proboscidean ivory.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref> Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. The preliminary report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />		The '''Yedoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from [[permafrost]] in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. The object was discovered and handled in the field by a small team led by [[J. Levi Schültke]] during a rapid-impact survey of thaw gullies commissioned to document erosion threats to organic artefacts; Schültke’s group was engaged for its prior experience with cold-chain recovery and identification of proboscidean ivory.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref> Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. The preliminary report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />

	== Discovery and context ==		== Discovery and context ==
Line 24:		Line 24:

	== Interpretation ==		== Interpretation ==
	Published descriptions remain neutral and descriptive; no consensus interpretation (notation, decoration, or other function) has been advanced. Pending secure dating and replication studies, the ~~Yenoma~~ Ledger is cited as a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context rather than as evidence for a particular symbolic system.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />		Published descriptions remain neutral and descriptive; no consensus interpretation (notation, decoration, or other function) has been advanced. Pending secure dating and replication studies, the Yedoma Ledger is cited as a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context rather than as evidence for a particular symbolic system.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />

	== Significance ==		== Significance ==

Mvuijlst at 13:58, 24 October 2025

2025-10-24T13:58:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 24 October 2025
Line 38:		Line 38:
	== References ==		== References ==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}


			[[Category:Klema]]

Mvuijlst at 09:47, 20 October 2025

2025-10-20T09:47:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 20 October 2025
Line 12:		Line 12:
	}}		}}

	The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from [[permafrost]] in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. The object was discovered and handled in the field by a small team led by J. Levi Schültke during a rapid-impact survey of thaw gullies commissioned to document erosion threats to organic artefacts; Schültke’s group was engaged for its prior experience with cold-chain recovery and identification of proboscidean ivory.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref> Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. The preliminary report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />		The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from [[permafrost]] in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. The object was discovered and handled in the field by a small team led by [[J. Levi Schültke]] during a rapid-impact survey of thaw gullies commissioned to document erosion threats to organic artefacts; Schültke’s group was engaged for its prior experience with cold-chain recovery and identification of proboscidean ivory.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref> Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. The preliminary report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />

	== Discovery and context ==		== Discovery and context ==

Mvuijlst at 09:46, 20 October 2025

2025-10-20T09:46:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:46, 20 October 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\| name = Yenoma Ledger		\| name = Yenoma Ledger
	\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg		\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg
	\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers		\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers
	\| 1 Material = Mammoth ivory (''Mammuthus primigenius'')		\| 1 Material = [[Ivory\|Mammoth ivory]] (''[[Woolly mammoth\|Mammuthus primigenius]]'')
	\| 2 Writing = Geometric incisions		\| 2 Writing = Geometric incisions
	\| 3 Created = Substrate plausibly Last Interglacial (~125 ka); age of carving undetermined		\| 3 Created = Substrate plausibly Last Interglacial (~125 ka); age of carving undetermined
	\| 4 Discovered_place = Lower Indigirka basin, northeast Siberia (Russia)		\| 4 Discovered_place = Lower [[Indigirka River\|Indigirka]] basin, northeast [[Siberia]] (Russia)
	\| 5 Discovered_date = Late August (year per preliminary report)		\| 5 Discovered_date = Late August (year per preliminary report)
	\| 6 Present_location = Regional heritage authority		\| 6 Present_location = Regional heritage authority
	\| 7 Dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g		\| 7 Dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g
	}}		}}

	The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from ~~yedoma~~ permafrost in the lower [[Indigirka region]] of northeast Siberia. ~~Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight~~ and ~~oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross~~-~~hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled~~ cold-chain recovery and ~~non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age~~ of ~~the carving itself~~.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>		The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from [[permafrost]] in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. The object was discovered and handled in the field by a small team led by J. Levi Schültke during a rapid-impact survey of thaw gullies commissioned to document erosion threats to organic artefacts; Schültke’s group was engaged for its prior experience with cold-chain recovery and identification of proboscidean ivory.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref> Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. The preliminary report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />

	== Discovery and context ==		== Discovery and context ==
	According to the report, the plaque was noticed in a thaw gully within ice-rich loess (~~yedoma~~) and recovered with surrounding sediment. Yedoma sequences in Siberia are known to preserve Late Pleistocene faunal remains and organic materials that can be reworked by thermokarst processes, complicating archaeological context.<ref name="Schirrmeister2022">Lutz Schirrmeister, “Yedoma Permafrost Landscapes as Past Archives and Future Change Hotspots,” ''Frontiers in Earth Science'' 10 (2022): 929873, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.929873		According to the report, the plaque was noticed by the team in a thaw gully within ice-rich loess ([[Yedoma]]) and recovered with surrounding sediment using bagged blocks and refrigerated transport overseen by the regional heritage authority.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /> Yedoma sequences in Siberia are known to preserve Late Pleistocene faunal remains and organic materials that can be reworked by [[thermokarst]] processes, complicating archaeological context.<ref name="Schirrmeister2022">Lutz Schirrmeister, “Yedoma Permafrost Landscapes as Past Archives and Future Change Hotspots,” ''Frontiers in Earth Science'' 10 (2022): 929873, [https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.929873](https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.929873).</ref>
	.</ref>

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	The object follows the natural camber of tusk ivory and presents a prepared, flatter face with multiple incised registers bounded by guide lines. Identification as mammoth ivory is supported by observation of Schreger ~~angles~~, a standard criterion in proboscidean ivory analysis.<ref name="CITES2020">“Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes,” CITES (2020), https://cites.org/sites/default/files/ID_Manuals/Identification_Guide_for_Ivory_and_Ivory_Substitutes_ENGLISH.pdf		The object follows the natural camber of tusk ivory and presents a prepared, flatter face with multiple incised registers bounded by guide lines. Identification as mammoth ivory is supported by observation of [[Schreger lines]], a standard criterion in proboscidean ivory analysis.<ref name="CITES2020">“Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes,” CITES (2020), [https://cites.org/sites/default/files/ID_Manuals/Identification_Guide_for_Ivory_and_Ivory_Substitutes_ENGLISH.pdf](https://cites.org/sites/default/files/ID_Manuals/Identification_Guide_for_Ivory_and_Ivory_Substitutes_ENGLISH.pdf).</ref>
	.</ref>

	== Dating ==		== Dating ==
	Screening methods reported include FTIR for collagen/mineral preservation, amino-acid racemization (AAR) on a detached lamella, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on associated sediment. These results are consistent with an ancient Pleistocene substrate but do not directly date the carving. Open-system behavior in bones and dentine limits the reliability of some radiometric approaches; targeted dating of incision surfaces has not yet been published.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /><ref name="Penkman2022">K. Penkman, “Dating the Paleolithic: trapped charge and amino acid geochronology,” ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 31, no. 5 (2022): 203–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21958		Screening methods reported include FTIR for collagen/mineral preservation, [[amino acid racemization]] (AAR) on a detached lamella, and [[optically stimulated luminescence]] (OSL) on associated sediment. These results are consistent with an ancient Pleistocene substrate but do not directly date the carving. Open-system behavior in bones and dentine limits the reliability of some radiometric approaches; targeted dating of incision surfaces has not yet been published.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /><ref name="Penkman2022">K. Penkman, “Dating the Paleolithic: trapped charge and amino acid geochronology,” ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 31, no. 5 (2022): 203–222, [https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21958](https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21958).</ref><ref name="Lian2006">O. B. Lian, “Dating the Quaternary: progress in luminescence dating,” ''Quaternary Science Reviews'' 25, nos. 19–20 (2006): 2449–2468, [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013).</ref>
	.</ref><ref name="Lian2006">O. B. Lian, “Dating the Quaternary: progress in luminescence dating,” ''Quaternary Science Reviews'' 25, nos. 19–20 (2006): 2449–2468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013
	.</ref>

	== Interpretation ==		== Interpretation ==
Line 31:		Line 27:

	== Significance ==		== Significance ==
	The find highlights both the potential and the difficulties of researching artefacts emerging from rapidly changing permafrost landscapes. It has been noted in discussions of best practice for recovery, minimal-intervention conservation (e.g. reversible consolidants), and multi-modal imaging ~~(e.g.~~ reflectance transformation imaging) in Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /><ref name="HE2016">Historic England, ''Multi-Light Imaging for Heritage Applications (incl. H-RTI)'' (2016), https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/multi-light-imaging-heritage-applications/		The find highlights both the potential and the difficulties of researching artefacts emerging from rapidly changing permafrost landscapes. It has been noted in discussions of best practice for recovery, minimal-intervention conservation (e.g. reversible consolidants), and multi-modal imaging such as [[reflectance transformation imaging]] in Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /><ref name="HE2016">Historic England, ''Multi-Light Imaging for Heritage Applications (incl. H-RTI)'' (2016), [https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/multi-light-imaging-heritage-applications/](https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/multi-light-imaging-heritage-applications/).</ref>
	.</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

	* [[Yedoma]]		* [[Yedoma]]
	* [[~~Mammoth~~]]		* [[Woolly mammoth]]
	* [[Pleistocene archaeology]]		* [[Pleistocene archaeology]]
	* [[Reflectance transformation imaging]]		* [[Reflectance transformation imaging]]

Mvuijlst at 09:39, 20 October 2025

2025-10-20T09:39:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:39, 20 October 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\| name = Yenoma Ledger		\| name = Yenoma Ledger
	\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg		\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg
	\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers		\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers
	\| 1 Material = Mammoth ivory (''Mammuthus primigenius'')		\| 1 Material = Mammoth ivory (''Mammuthus primigenius'')
	\| 2 Writing = Geometric incisions		\| 2 Writing = Geometric incisions
	\| 3 Created = Substrate plausibly Last Interglacial (~125 ka); age of carving undetermined		\| 3 Created = Substrate plausibly Last Interglacial (~125 ka); age of carving undetermined
	\| 4 Discovered_place = Lower Indigirka basin, northeast Siberia (Russia)		\| 4 Discovered_place = Lower Indigirka basin, northeast Siberia (Russia)
	\| 5 Discovered_date = Late August (year per preliminary report)		\| 5 Discovered_date = Late August (year per preliminary report)
	\| 6 Present_location = Regional heritage authority		\| 6 Present_location = Regional heritage authority
	\| 7 Dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g		\| 7 Dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g
	}}		}}

	The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>		The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower [[Indigirka region]] of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref name="Schueltke2021">J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>

	== Discovery and context ==		== Discovery and context ==
	According to the report, the plaque was noticed in a thaw gully within ice-rich loess (yedoma) and recovered with surrounding sediment. Yedoma sequences in Siberia are known to preserve Late Pleistocene faunal remains and organic materials that can be reworked by thermokarst processes, complicating archaeological context.<ref>Lutz Schirrmeister, “Yedoma Permafrost Landscapes as Past Archives and Future Change Hotspots,” ''Frontiers in Earth Science'' 10 (2022): 929873, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.929873.</ref>		According to the report, the plaque was noticed in a thaw gully within ice-rich loess (yedoma) and recovered with surrounding sediment. Yedoma sequences in Siberia are known to preserve Late Pleistocene faunal remains and organic materials that can be reworked by thermokarst processes, complicating archaeological context.<ref name="Schirrmeister2022">Lutz Schirrmeister, “Yedoma Permafrost Landscapes as Past Archives and Future Change Hotspots,” ''Frontiers in Earth Science'' 10 (2022): 929873, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.929873
			.</ref>

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	The object follows the natural camber of tusk ivory and presents a prepared, flatter face with multiple incised registers bounded by guide lines. Identification as mammoth ivory is supported by observation of Schreger angles, a standard criterion in proboscidean ivory analysis.<ref>“Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes,” CITES (2020), https://cites.org/sites/default/files/ID_Manuals/Identification_Guide_for_Ivory_and_Ivory_Substitutes_ENGLISH.pdf.</ref>		The object follows the natural camber of tusk ivory and presents a prepared, flatter face with multiple incised registers bounded by guide lines. Identification as mammoth ivory is supported by observation of Schreger angles, a standard criterion in proboscidean ivory analysis.<ref name="CITES2020">“Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes,” CITES (2020), https://cites.org/sites/default/files/ID_Manuals/Identification_Guide_for_Ivory_and_Ivory_Substitutes_ENGLISH.pdf
			.</ref>

	== Dating ==		== Dating ==
	Screening methods reported include FTIR for collagen/mineral preservation, amino-acid racemization (AAR) on a detached lamella, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on associated sediment. These results are consistent with an ancient Pleistocene substrate but do not directly date the carving. Open-system behavior in bones and dentine limits the reliability of some radiometric approaches; targeted dating of incision surfaces has not yet been published.<ref~~>Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque...'' (2021).<~~/~~ref~~><ref>K. Penkman, “Dating the Paleolithic: trapped charge and amino acid geochronology,” ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 31, no. 5 (2022): 203–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21958.</ref><ref>O. B. Lian, “Dating the Quaternary: progress in luminescence dating,” ''Quaternary Science Reviews'' 25, nos. 19–20 (2006): 2449–2468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013.</ref>		Screening methods reported include FTIR for collagen/mineral preservation, amino-acid racemization (AAR) on a detached lamella, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on associated sediment. These results are consistent with an ancient Pleistocene substrate but do not directly date the carving. Open-system behavior in bones and dentine limits the reliability of some radiometric approaches; targeted dating of incision surfaces has not yet been published.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /><ref name="Penkman2022">K. Penkman, “Dating the Paleolithic: trapped charge and amino acid geochronology,” ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 31, no. 5 (2022): 203–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21958
			.</ref><ref name="Lian2006">O. B. Lian, “Dating the Quaternary: progress in luminescence dating,” ''Quaternary Science Reviews'' 25, nos. 19–20 (2006): 2449–2468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013
			.</ref>

	== Interpretation ==		== Interpretation ==
	Published descriptions remain neutral and descriptive; no consensus interpretation (notation, decoration, or other function) has been advanced. Pending secure dating and replication studies, the Yenoma Ledger is cited as a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context rather than as evidence for a particular symbolic system.<ref~~>Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque...'' (2021).<~~/~~ref~~>		Published descriptions remain neutral and descriptive; no consensus interpretation (notation, decoration, or other function) has been advanced. Pending secure dating and replication studies, the Yenoma Ledger is cited as a candidate example of worked ivory from permafrost context rather than as evidence for a particular symbolic system.<ref name="Schueltke2021" />

	== Significance ==		== Significance ==
	The find highlights both the potential and the difficulties of researching artefacts emerging from rapidly changing permafrost landscapes. It has been noted in discussions of best practice for recovery, minimal-intervention conservation (e.g. reversible consolidants), and multi-modal imaging (e.g. reflectance transformation imaging) in Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.<ref~~>Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque...'' (2021).<~~/~~ref~~><ref>Historic England, ''Multi-Light Imaging for Heritage Applications (incl. H-RTI)'' (2016), https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/multi-light-imaging-heritage-applications/.</ref>		The find highlights both the potential and the difficulties of researching artefacts emerging from rapidly changing permafrost landscapes. It has been noted in discussions of best practice for recovery, minimal-intervention conservation (e.g. reversible consolidants), and multi-modal imaging (e.g. reflectance transformation imaging) in Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.<ref name="Schueltke2021" /><ref name="HE2016">Historic England, ''Multi-Light Imaging for Heritage Applications (incl. H-RTI)'' (2016), https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/multi-light-imaging-heritage-applications/
			.</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

	* [[Yedoma]]		* [[Yedoma]]
	* [[Mammoth]]		* [[Mammoth]]

Mvuijlst at 09:27, 20 October 2025

2025-10-20T09:27:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 20 October 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\| name = Yenoma Ledger		\| name = Yenoma Ledger
	\| 1 ~~material~~ = Mammoth ivory (''Mammuthus primigenius'')		\| image = Yenoma Ledger.jpg
	\| 2 ~~writing~~ = Geometric incisions		\| caption = Plaque with incised geometric registers
	\| 3 ~~created~~ = Substrate plausibly Last Interglacial (~125 ka); age of carving undetermined		\| 1 Material = Mammoth ivory (''Mammuthus primigenius'')
	\| 4 ~~discovered_place~~ = Lower Indigirka basin, northeast Siberia (Russia)		\| 2 Writing = Geometric incisions
	\| 5 ~~discovered_date~~ = Late August (year per preliminary report)		\| 3 Created = Substrate plausibly Last Interglacial (~125 ka); age of carving undetermined
	\| 6 ~~present_location~~ = Regional heritage authority		\| 4 Discovered_place = Lower Indigirka basin, northeast Siberia (Russia)
	\| 7 ~~dimensions~~ = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g		\| 5 Discovered_date = Late August (year per preliminary report)
			\| 6 Present_location = Regional heritage authority
			\| 7 Dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g
	}}		}}
	~~[[File:Yedoma Ledger, exposure in permafrost at find location.jpg\|alt=Yedoma Ledger, exposure in permafrost at find location\|thumb\|Exposure in yedoma permafrost at the reported find location.]]~~
	~~[[File:Yenoma Ledger.jpg\|alt=Yenoma Ledger\|thumb\|The worked mammoth-ivory plaque known as the ''Yenoma Ledger'' with incised geometric registers.]]~~
	The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>		The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>

Mvuijlst at 09:25, 20 October 2025

2025-10-20T09:25:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 20 October 2025
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	\| 7 dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g		\| 7 dimensions = ~216 × 54 × 39 mm; ~486 g
	}}		}}
			[[File:Yedoma Ledger, exposure in permafrost at find location.jpg\|alt=Yedoma Ledger, exposure in permafrost at find location\|thumb\|Exposure in yedoma permafrost at the reported find location.]]
	[[File:~~Yenoma_Ledger_site~~.jpg\|thumb~~\|upright=1.3~~\|Exposure in yedoma permafrost at the reported find location.]]		[[File:Yenoma Ledger.jpg\|alt=Yenoma Ledger\|thumb\|The worked mammoth-ivory plaque known as the ''Yenoma Ledger'' with incised geometric registers.]]
	[[File:~~Yenoma_Ledger_object~~.jpg\|thumb~~\|upright=1.3~~\|The worked mammoth-ivory plaque known as the ''Yenoma Ledger'' with incised geometric registers.]]

	The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>		The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>

Mvuijlst at 09:14, 20 October 2025

2025-10-20T09:14:44Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox
 | name        = Yenoma Ledger
@@ Line 16: / Line 13: @@
 [[File:Yenoma_Ledger_object.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The worked mammoth-ivory plaque known as the ''Yenoma Ledger'' with incised geometric registers.]]
-The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie d
+The '''Yenoma Ledger''' is a worked plaque of mammoth ivory reportedly recovered from yedoma permafrost in the lower Indigirka region of northeast Siberia. Its carved surface shows parallel bands of straight and oblique incisions, including chevrons and cross-hatching. A preliminary technical report describes controlled cold-chain recovery and non-destructive documentation, but does not advance a cultural attribution or secure the age of the carving itself.<ref>J. Levi Schültke, ''A Mammoth-Ivory Plaque with Geometric Incisions from Northeast Siberia: Discovery, Context, and Materials Analysis'' (preliminary field and materials report, Seminar für Archäologie der Periglazialzonen, 2021).</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 22 September 2026
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	* [[Kristiansen coding system]]		* [[Kristiansen coding system]]
	* [[Scapula Glyph Inscription]]		* [[Scapula Glyph Inscription]]
			* [[Nordland Itinerary]]
	* [[Yedoma]]		* [[Yedoma]]
	* [[Woolly mammoth]]		* [[Woolly mammoth]]